孕前半年起不能拍X光片？这条警告还要害多少人。( 四 ) _孕前保健

RPOP在网站上回答了很多关于医疗辐射安全的问题，我们选择翻译了一些孕期相关的，如下：
Q&A Is there a 'safe' level of radiation exposure for a patient during pregnancy?
是否有患者在怀孕期间的“安全”辐射暴露上限？
Dose limits do not apply for radiation exposure of patients, since the decision to use radiation is justified depending upon the individual patient situation. When it has been decided thata medical procedure is justified, the procedure should be optimized. This means that the conditions should achieve the clinical purpose with the appropriate dose. Safe limits are determined only for the staff and not for patients.
因为使用辐射检查是根据患者个体的情况来决定的，所以患者的辐射暴露是不适用于剂量限制的。当这种医疗程序是必要的时候，就应充分利用。这意味着需要根据临床目的来设置适当的剂量。安全限值是面向医务人员设置的而不是患者。
Q&A What if a patient underwent an abdomen CT before realizing that she is pregnant?
如果病人在发现怀孕前接受了腹部CT检查，该怎么办？
Occasionally, a patient will not be aware of a pregnancy at the time of an X ray examination, and will naturally be very concerned when the pregnancy becomes known.
有时候，患者在做X射线检查时并不知道已经怀孕，而当得知怀孕后自然会非常担心。
In such cases, the radiation dose to the fetus/conceptus should be estimated, but only by a medical physicist/ radiation safety specialist experienced in dosimetry. The patient can then be better advised as to the potential risks involved. In many cases there is little risk,as the irradiation will have occurred in the first 3 weeks following conception. In a few cases the conceptus will be older and the dose involved may be considerable. It is, however, extremely rare for the dose to be high enough to warrant advising the patient to consider terminating the pregnancy.
在这种情况下，应该估算胎儿/胚胎当时可能受到的辐射剂量，但该估算只能由对剂量测定有经验的医学物理学家或辐射安全专家来估计。评估后患者可以更好地被告知潜在的相关风险。在大多数情况下，几乎是没有风险的，因为辐射通常在受孕后的前3周内发生。少数情况下，当受到的剂量可能相当大的时候，胚胎会受到影响。但是，只有极为罕见，受到非常高的辐射剂量时，患者才会被建议考虑终止妊娠。
Q&A Why have there been decisions on termination of pregnancy after radiation exposure?
为什么有的需要在辐射照射后终止妊娠？
According to ICRP 84, termination of pregnancy at foetal doses of less than 100 mGy is not justified based upon radiation risk. At foetal doses between 100 and 500 mGy, the decision should be based upon the individual circumstances.
根据ICRP 84，基于辐射的风险，当胎儿受到的辐射剂量小于100 mGy时是不需要终止妊娠的。当胎儿受到的辐射剂量在100和500 mGy之间，需要根据具体情况来决定。

孕前半年起不能拍X光片？这条警告还要害多少人。( 四 )

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